STAI scores are commonly classified as вЂњno or low anxietyвЂќ (20-37), вЂњmoderate anxietyвЂќ (38-44), and вЂњhigh anxietyвЂќ (45-80). The range of possible scores for form Y of the STAI varies from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 80 on both the STAI-T and STAI-S subscales. Each question is rated on a 4-point scale (not at all, somewhat, moderately so, very much so). The validity of the STAI rests upon the assumption that the examinee has a clear understanding of the вЂњstateвЂќ and вЂњtraitвЂќ instructions. The STAI-S scale can be used to determine the actual levels of anxiety intensity induced by stressful procedures. The STAI-S scale also consists of 20 statements, but the instructions require subjects to indicate how they feel at a particular moment in time. The STAI-T scale consists of 20 statements that ask people to describe how they generally feel. The reliability and validity of the STAI are well reported (Cronbach's alpha = 0.896). It comprises separate self-report scales for measuring two distinct anxiety concepts: state anxiety and trait anxiety. STAI is the вЂњgold standardвЂќ for measuring preoperative anxiety. All patients completed the questionnaire by themselves immediately before intravitreal injection. To measure the level of anxiety, Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire was used. All subjects received intravitreal ranibizumab or bevacizumab injections performed by the same surgeon. None of the patients had known psychiatric conditions or used anxiolytic drugs. This prospective, consecutive, observational, noninterventional study included 113 patients with diagnosis of wet-type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of various parameters, mainly previous experience with intravitreal injection on patient anxiety. This situation may affect their general comfort and decrease compliance with recurring injections. On the other hand, patient opinion about a drug injection into the eye may stimulate much anxiety and may even lead to much pain. More than one injection may be usually required for the management of these diseases. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections are used in the treatment of various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, and intraocular inflammation. High anxiety scores found in this study also emphasize that health care providers should try to decrease anxiety levels during the course of treatment. Conclusion: Anxiety may not show significant differences according to sociodemographic status. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the state and trait anxiety scores between the male and female, employed, and retired patients ( p > 0.05). The mean trait anxiety scores were 50.14 В± 6.62 in experienced patients and 49.17 В± 10.79 in inexperienced patients ( p = 0.810). Results: The mean state anxiety scores were 45.19 В± 5.62 in experienced patients and 43.10 В± 6.62 in inexperienced patients ( p = 0.078). To measure the level of anxiety, Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used. All subjects received intravitreal ranibizumab or bevacizumab injections. Methods: One hundred thirteen patients were included in the study. Background: To evaluate parameters on the state and trait anxiety scores of patients receiving intravitreal injections.

State trait anxiety inventory norms